However, the exact details of her net worth are still unknown. The CEO and chairman of the Penske Motor Group, Gregory Penske, is the second eldest son of Roger Penske, a businessman and auto race professional. There are four other Penskes in the family: a Roger Jr., a Gregory, a Mark, and a Jay. . It added to his lifelong experiences with cars and led him to his massive success. . All Rights Reserved. Manage Settings Again in 1997, he received the Young Leadership & Excellence Award. Blair Penske is the only daughter of American businessman and entrepreneur Roger Penske. Right now, he is the most trending person in social media. A lot of information about Blair is still unknown. 7x Cy Young winner Roger Clemens talks up golf, and which rocker and White House resident he'd want with him inside the ropes. Sources https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penske Talking about Blaires relationship with her husband Brandon, the couple met at Cornell University from where they both graduated. The current estimated net worth of Penske Automotive Group, Inc's Director, Greg Smith, is estimated to be about $4.37M . Driving Roush Fenway Racing's No. Penske attended the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia and graduated from Cornell University in 1984, where he earned a degree in business management. Besides this, there is no information regarding the couples life. Getting ready for a comeback in sports car racing in 2005, Porsche chose Penske Racing to run in the American Le Mans Series. His first marriage was with Lissa. Over the past 18 months, and Education He graduated from Lehigh University Game & Races (1) What is Roger's zodiac sign? Roger Penske is best known for creating one of the most successful teams in NASCAR and IndyCar Series racing. Maribel Guardia is a Costa Rican actress, singer and TV presenter well known for her Who is Jennifer Siebel Newsom? HOVER TO REVEAL NET WORTH BY YEAR . She has been in the media spotlight as the heiress to her billionaire fathers fortune. Tbilisi. 2023 Celebrity Net Worth / All Rights Reserved. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. But, the details of her birth havent been revealed to the media outlets yet. All Rights Reserved. The firm's Premier Truck Group owns 39 truck dealerships selling mostly Freightliner and Western Star brands, and Penske owns 21 CarShop used-vehicle stores in the U.S. and U.K. , Roger S. Penske was born in 1937, in Ohio. He was a member of many other famous organizations in the USA like the South Carolina Committee for Olympic Games, Los Angeles Sports Council, etc. He has worked as the crew chief for Robby Gordon Motorsports, Roush Fenway Racing, Team Penske, and Wood Brothers Racing at the NASCAR Cup Series, and for Penske in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Most recently, ABC Supply was featured on the Foytteams No. Roger Penske is an American businessman, entrepreneur, and retired auto racing driver who has a net worth of $2.6 billion dollars. no insider transaction in Penske Automotive Group Inc (PAG). Apart from this, her former educational institution and further details on her childhood have not been disclosed. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. June 20, 1997 12 AM PT. Public asset : 5,550,659 USD. [1][2] Headquartered in El Monte, California, Penske Motor Group currently operates five dealerships in California and Texas and is a division of Penske Corporation. Roger Searle Penske (born February 20, . Stock quotes provided by InterActive Data. sale of 0 shares. of 4,389 shares made by Shane M. Spradlin Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Based on ownership reports from SEC filings, as the reporting owner, Gregory W Penske owns 3 companies in total, including All Rights Reserved. Among his other endeavors, Penske is a corporate director at General Electric and has previously served on the boards of The Home Depot and Delphi Automotive. Gregor also has an elder brother named Roger Jr. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'biographytalks_com-leader-3','ezslot_13',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-leader-3-0');Besides Roger Jr, Gregory also has two half brothers, Mark and Jay, and one half-sister Blair from his fathers second marriage to Kathy Penske. He continued to race until 1965, at which time he retired to focus on his first Chevrolet dealership in Philadelphia. When looking at nearly the last decade, Penskes net worth has been largely steadily rising, according to Forbes data. Its portfolio comprises of first lien senior secured loans, second lien senior secured loans, and mezzanine debt (subordinated unsecured loan), which may include equity components that are diversified by industry and sector. It owns shares in Penske Automotive, Indycar LLC, Penske Logistics, Team Penske, and others. As his father owned many cars and racetracks, Gregory spent most of his time around cars. As a child, Bill Burr's child, Lola Burr, was made famous by her parents, whose Who is Kennedy Owen? Foyt Racing in 2005 and served as one of the teams major backers through 2019. EVP - Human Resources Denker Claude H Iii In October 2019 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald Trump. #388 Roger Penske on the 2022 Forbes 400 - Former race car driver Roger Penske is the founder, chairman and CEO of publicly-traded car and truck dealer . Former race car driver Roger Penske is the founder, chairman and CEO of publicly-traded car and truck dealer Penske Automotive Group. Above is the net worth, insider trading, and ownership report for Gregory W Penske. Her father is the chairman of the transportation company Penske Corporation and the car retailer UnitedAuto Group. Who is the CEO of Penske? Greg Erwin Gregory A. Erwin (born April 19, 1970) is an American stock car racing crew chief. The estimated Net Worth of Greg C Smith is at least $2.17 Million dollars as of 19 May 2022. a net Who is Mel Metcalfe III? That has Penske the 10th-richest person in the U.S. auto industry as of Thursday, and if he were listed in the U.S. The information on this site, and in its related newsletters, is not intended to be, nor does it constitute investment advice or recommendations. Gregory's mailing address filed with the SEC is 2555 TELEGRAPH RD., , BLOOMFIELD HILLS, MI, 48302. Who is Temilade Openiyi, aka "Tems"? In his past career he occupied the position of President & Chief . The most active insiders traders include Roger S Penske, Corp Penske, and Michael R Eisenson . She has been in the media spotlight as the heiress to the billionaire father Rogers fortune as well as one of the American celebrated media personalities.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'biographytalks_com-box-3','ezslot_7',150,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-box-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'biographytalks_com-box-3','ezslot_8',150,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-box-3-0_1');.box-3-multi-150{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. He had gained enough experience from his father and elder and later added more to it by working for Bill Piercey in his Cadillac Agency. 400 on its fall list, we dont know just how close Penske came to the cut line in early September, but we know hes made up serious ground this year. Net worth 1.33 billion USD (2015) Charlie rose roger penske 05 18 11. The gurus listed in this website are not affiliated with GuruFocus.com, LLC. Penske soon became a well-known race car driver, competing in a pair of Formula One Grands Prix and winning a NASCAR Pacific Coast Late Model race in 1963. , if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'biographytalks_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',136,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');Blair Penske is the heiress to her fathers billion-dollar fortune and has a significant claim on his valued worth. Blair is the only daughter with four other siblings. In addition, he makes $1,976,320 as President and Director at Penske Automotive Inc. They have five children and live in Southeast Michigan. Also, the company pored over files from the Security and Exchange Commission, court records and more, and took into account stakes in both public and private companies, and a persons various art, yacht, plane and jewelry collections, among other things. In addition, he makes $333,880 as Independent Director at Penske Automotive Inc. Gregory W Penske Mailing Address Above is the net worth, insider trading, and ownership report for Gregory W Penske. Net Worth: $45 Million. son of Sophia and Stephen J. When it comes too fast, there might be something wrong with it.. For reference, Colts owner Jim Irsay sits 12th ($3.5 billion) in the U.S. sports industry, and Pacers owner Herb Simon isnt listed. The data as of Thursday lists the 84-year-old as worth $2.9 billion, the 1,161st-richest person in the world and No. . DONATION OPTIONS How You Can Help Today. var _Hasync=_Hasync||[];_Hasync.push(['Histats.start','1,4553220,4,511,95,18,00000000']);_Hasync.push(['Histats.fasi','1']);_Hasync.push(['Histats.track_hits','']);(function(){var hs=document.createElement('script');hs.type='text/javascript';hs.async=true;hs.src=('//s10.histats.com/js15_as.js');(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(hs);})(); Greg Penske is an individual who has become a celebrity by his charismatic works. For 2009, Penske has frozen his involvement in the ALMS, changing to Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series for the entire season. Roger Penske Net Worth $1.1 Billion. He went to Cornell University, where he earned his bachelors degree in business management. In other awards, Penske won the 1990 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. Penske Automotive Group operates in about 20 U.S. states and overseas. Blair Penske was born to an American businessman and entrepreneur, Roger Penske and Kathy Penske. The Penske Motor Group is the owner and dealer of renowned cars like Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, and Lexus.var cid='3119434151';var pid='ca-pub-7757731624315409';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-box-3-0';var ffid=1;var alS=1002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.style.maxHeight=container.style.minHeight+'px';container.style.maxWidth=container.style.minWidth+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); Gregory Penske is the youngest car dealer in the USA, who owned his dealership in Bakersfield at the young age of twenty-two. One of Penskes longtime sponsors in both NASCAR and IndyCar trails the elder Garcia. When Roger joined the now-defunct Marlboro Motor . When is Penske's next birthday? He serves on the Board of Directors for Penske Corporation (holding company for Penske Automotive Group, Penske Motor Group, Penske Truck Leasing, and Team Penske), Southern California Toyota Dealership Advertising Association, Friends of Golf, Petersen Automotive Museum, and is an advisor to Nucleus Scientific Inc. The couple graduated from Cornell University, where they met. Roger Penske is the first team owner in auto racing history to win the Nascar Cup Series championship and the NTT IndyCar Series championship in the same season after Joey Logano won the Nascar title and Will Power won the IndyCar title in 2022. Maybe you know about Roger Penske very well But do you know how old and tall is he, and what is his net worth in 2023? His father is race car team owner and entrepreneur Roger Penske. In the fall of 2015, hed climbed to $2 billion, though that dropped back down to $1.4 billion by spring of the following year. I want to be on the leading edge with our people and the company. Category: Richest Athletes Race Car Drivers. According to his birthplace, He is American by birth. At the same time, her fathers net worth is estimated to be $2.9 billion. After inquiring, he brought it by spending all his savings along with some loan. Click here to see the complete history of Gregory W Penskes form 4 insider trades. He is mostly known as the owner of the "Penske Corporation", but also for being involved in other businesses. Gregory W Penske is the director of International Speedway Corp. As a personal career, Blair works as a guide at the Deer Valley Resort in Park City. Her fathers net worth is estimated to be $2.9 billion. They work in one of his firms for three years and then exchange their posts in the companies. That mark represented Penskes highest recorded net worth during either of Forbes aforementioned annual lists since at least 2013, according to the sites profile of the automotive businessman. Gregor is the second eldest son of the business tycoon and former car racer Roger Penske and his first wife, Lissa Penske. See which Indy-area teams won boys basketball sectional titles tonight. Other services, in addition to new and used vehicles, are parts and repair and finance and insurance. He hails from Park City, Utah, and currently works as an account executive for My ePHIT, an internet-based company that offers health advice. As of 2021, Blair is 40 years old and was born in 1980. By using biographytalks.com you agree to our Terms of use and Privacy Policy. The ceremony was held at the Bountiful Temple in Bountiful, Utah. Her mother is the second wife of her father. The sun still occasionally does set on the Penske empire, an operational flaw its founder and chairman is . In his second-to-last appearance on the Forbes 400, Penske was listed at $1.3 billion in September 2013. Currently, the couple is living with their two adorable children in their home in Santa Monica. Penske is American. 0 1,220 . As a teen, Penske purchased old cars, fixed them up, and sold them at a profit from his family's house. He did his schooling at Episcopal Academy, a private school in Philadelphia. Net Worth & Salary of Roger Penske in 2023 Roger Penske Net Worth As of March 2023, The net worth of Roger Penske is an impressive $2 billion. he is the eldest child of Roger Penske, a multi-billionaire. Blair Penske was born in 1980 and is currently 42 years old as of 2023, however, her exact details on her birth date have not been revealed to the media outlets. While we work diligently to ensure that our numbers are as accurate as possible, unless otherwise indicated they are only estimates. of 11,418 shares. 12 Ford in the Cup series. Details on His Net, Maye Musk | Net Worth, Age, Husband, Family,, Nina Axelrods Net Worth & Husband | Where, Matthew Tyler Vorces Net Worth, Education, Family &. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'biographytalks_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_2',130,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'biographytalks_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_3',130,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-130{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}As regards her educational and academic credits, she graduated from Cornell University. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'biographytalks_com-leader-1','ezslot_5',132,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-leader-1-0');So, even though the exact number has not been out about his net worth, its safe to assume that he is already a millionaire. On Sunday, he finally gets to host the Indianapolis 500 that he has dreamed of with a full capacity crowd. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'biographytalks_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_9',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');As regards her husband, Mr. Brandon Hall, he the son of Sophia and Stephen J. The company is the second-largest U.S.-based dealership in terms of light-vehicle revenue and sells more than 35 brands, with over 90% of retail automotive revenue coming from luxury and import names. By using biographytalks.com you agree to our Terms of use and Privacy Policy. Let scroll the below table. 17. Early life [ edit] Instead, he was more interested in soccer and lacrosse and was even good at them. Gregory serves as the chairman and CEO of Penske Motor Group. The exact details about her actual net worth are still unknown. Roger Penske was born on February 20, 1937 in Shaker Heights, Ohio. Gregory, Mark, and Roger Jr. are their sons whereas Blair is their only daughter. Gregory is currently the chairman and CEO of the Penske Motor Group, which their father owns. His businesses generate more than $22 billion per year and employ upwards of 50,000 people. Their names are Roger Jr. and Gregory Penske. The company is based in Michigan and was called United Auto Group before changing its name in 2007. Based in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, the company's holdings include Penske Automotive Group, which runs car dealerships throughout the United States; Penske Motor Group; Penske Truck Leasing; Penske Logistics; and Ilmor Engineering, which makes high-performance motorsport engines. Gifts of all kinds are accepted with gratitude. Under Review. Beyond auto racing, Penske serves as a corporate director at General Electric. Her husband, Brandon Hall, is an account executive of My ePHIT, an internet-based company that provides health advice. Anthony Pompliano Net Worth Phone Number, House Address, Wiki, Ashley Massengill Net Worth | Bio, Family, Address, Career, Atlas Monroe Net Worth | Age, Height, Weight, Dating And More, Beyonce S Net Worth Phone Number, House Address, Wiki, Blue Ivy Net Worth Phone Number, House Address, Wiki. Follow him on Twitter:@By_NathanBrown. He already started to work to meet his dream when he was in college. In 2015, Gregory was again in the limelight for being one of the highest-rated CEOs in the list published by Glassdoor. Hes nowhere near as rich as he boasts, nor as poor as his critics claim. of 1,695 shares made by Penelope F Roll Kathy Penske Net Worth, Age, Height, Weight, Early Life, Career, Dating, Bio, Facts February 15, 2022 . His father, Regor, was a professional car racer while his eldest son Roger Jr too raced Super Vees. Well, how well do you know about Roger Penske? Even so, she earns a significant amount from her personal endeavors while her net worth is often assumed to be in hundreds of millions. Other key executives at Ares Capital Corp include After graduating from Shaker Heights High in 1955, he attended Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He was born in Ohio, United States. Chief Operating Officer Jana Markowicz of 6,418 shares. One of the longest running continuous team sponsorships in IndyCar will continue as Verizon has signed an extension to remain at Team Penske with two-time IndyCar champion Will Power. Roger Penske was born on the 20th of February 1937, which was a Saturday. Sold (or bought if negative) in USD MITSUI & CO KURNICK RO Hendricks is listed as worth $11 billion, No. Jennifer Newsom is an American Actress and Documentary Filmmaker best known for writing, Who is Luke Bryan? Penske Automotive Inc executives and other stock owners filed with the SEC include: Track performance, allocation, dividends, and risks, Annotate, download XLSX & look up similar tables, Filter, compare, and track coins & tokens, Stocks and cryptocurrency portfolio tracker. Though, he is 5'8" in feet and inches and 170 cm in Centimetres tall, he weighs about 154 lbs in Pound and 70kg in Kilograms. Feadship. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. In 1973, the team recorded its first NASCAR win. Roger S. Penske was born in 1937, in Ohio. Linked companies : Penske Automotive Group, Inc. Summary. Vivian Lake Brady is the 9-year-old daughter Who is Lola Burr? The company focuses on investing primarily in U.S. middle-market companies with investment opportunities as well as in larger companies. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Penske, who couldn't be reached for comment, planned to convert the church into a home for his family, with a rooftop deck and four-car garage. International Speedway is majority-owned by the France family, which also owns privately held NASCAR. no insider transaction in Ares Capital Corp (ARCC). Reflects change since 5 pm ET of prior trading day. In 2020, he endorsed Trump in the presidential election. a Presidential Medal of Freedom, which President Trump declared in June 2019. Roger Penske is a hugely successful American businessperson whose Roger Penske net worth has been valued at 3 billion dollars. The real name of this American businessman is Roger Searle Penske. Blairs mother, Kathy Penske, is a businesswoman and an entrepreneur. director & President Kurnick Robert H Jr His father is race car team owner and entrepreneur Roger Penske . In 2003, Blair walked down the aisle with Brandon Porter Hall, a son of Sophia Hall and Stephen J. In addition to this, she has two step-siblings named Roger Penske Jr. and Greg Penske from her fathers former marriage with Lisa Penske. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'biographytalks_com-leader-2','ezslot_12',137,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-leader-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'biographytalks_com-leader-2','ezslot_13',137,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-biographytalks_com-leader-2-0_1');.leader-2-multi-137{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Talking about her professional career, Blair works as a guide at the Deer Valley Resort in Park City, where she leads tours of the area. If not much, we have compiled all you need to know about Roger Penske's net worth in 2021, his age, height, weight, wife, kids, biography and complete details about his life. Refer a Friend and Earn One Month of Free Membership. In summary, during the past 3 months, insiders sold 6,418 shares of Penske Automotive Group Inc (PAG) in total and bought 0 shares, with a net Blair Penske is the heiress to her father's billion-dollar fortune and has a significant claim on his valued worth. For his extraordinary career and leadership, he got awarded the Toyota President Award eleven times. , Roger Penske's former in laws: Roger Penske's former grandfather in law was Abraham Stouffer Roger Penske's former father in law was Gordon Stouffer Roger Penske's former mother in law was Ina Mae Marshman Roger Penske's former step-father in law is Homer H Marshman Roger Penske's former step-mother in law is Mary Stouffer Roger Penske's former . Mr. Smith owns over 1,531 units of Penske Automotive Inc stock worth over $218,581 and over the last 19 years he sold PAG stock worth over $1,620,700. But there is no more information on her educational background. Gregory is successfully operating the Penske Motor Group. We have estimated Greg Pence's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets. 403 in the United States. 22 Chevy, as well as Ryan Blaneys No. Whats more, it represented a near-doublingof his net worth from April 2020 to April 2021, falling in line with the trend of Americas richest billionaires, who collectively saw their fortunes increase 40% from the summer of 2020until last month. Other recent insider transactions involving Penske Automotive Group Inc (PAG) include 64 in the country. Edward Norton. During the past 18 months, 25,805 shares of Ares Capital Corp (ARCC) were sold and 399,275 shares were bought by its insiders, resulting in a net It was founded in 1949 and it is considered one of the most prestigious and exclusive yacht builders in the world. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Penske&oldid=1037376926, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 August 2021, at 05:52. Jay, Gregory, Mark, and Roger Jr. are their sons whereas Blair is their only daughter. The business is best known for its auto dealerships, which sell new and used cars, and its iconic yellow rental trucks. Her father first started his career with one car dealership in 1965, which was created with a $75,000 loan from her grandfather. According to Celebrity Net Worth, Mike Pence is worth a smooth $1 million. Two are from his first wife Lissa, and three are with his second wife Kathy. and Over the years since, Penske Racing has competed in the NTT IndyCar Series, the FIA World Endurance Championship, and the NASCAR Cup Series, as well as myriad other professional racing events such as Formula One, Trans Am, and Australian Supercars. Gregory W Penske is the director of Ares Capital Corp. He was a star player during his college days but did not continue. of 0 shares. But there is no more information on her educational background. Likewise, details regarding her social media accounts are still unavailable. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. He was determined to start building a business career like his father before he was twenty-five by owning his dealership. Roger Penske (1969-)Penske Corporation / CEO Greg Penske Vice Chair of Penske Automotive Group and Chairman and CEO of Penske Motor Group. In 2009, Penske left the American Le Mans Series to join the rival Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series for the season. He made his first professional start at the Marlboro Motor Raceway in Maryland. Info. Penske resigned from those positions in 2005 to chair the Detroit Super Bowl Committee for Super Bowl XL in Detroit, Michigan. The individuals or entities selected as "gurus" may buy and sell securities before and after any particular article and report and information herein is published, with respect to the securities discussed in any article and report posted herein.