What is the impact of humans on the desert? Rough estimates of the percentage of the country covered as given below are for the original or natural state of the area before urbanisation and agriculture has modified it. history of South Africa If you've found the resources on this page useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. Here are the three main types of rainfall: Relief Rainfall. February 12, 2018. It is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small northern part of the country. The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Kabwe, Zambia. and cools at the higher altitude, producing rain on the upwind Relief (or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains and/or complex terrains. Relief(or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. Frontal Rainfall. What is Nigerias location and importance? STUDY OF SOIL Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. The Southern and Eastern areas have most of the highest areas of the continent (900-1200m). This warm, moist air then rises, and as it rises, it cools. The Dry season in Zambia is a lovely time to visit its divided into a cooler period (May to August) and a hotter one (September and October). This area is called the rain shadow. This type of rainfall is called orographic rainfall or relief rainfall. Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. Anak Krakatau & Sunda Strait Tsunami Indonesia Case Study 2018. What is the impact of humans on the Taiga? Frontal rainfall. Did you know rain also occurs as the result of weather fronts and convection? Safaris. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Zambia has not been spared from the scourge of land degradation especially during the past ten (10) years. So technically, Zambia is a very arid country with a humid and subtropical year with small patches of semi arid steppe. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the . Convection makes the air rise and cool. partners) to personalize our advertising campaigns and to allow you to share on social media. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . Heavy rainfall has caused floods in Zambia, displacing hundreds of people and destroying crops in an area already experiencing a shortage of food. The Zambia Agribusiness and Trade Project (ZATP), which has a current total of $40 million in funds (2016-2024), is a flagship project that aims to deliver on the government's Jobs and Economic Transformation agenda. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. World Wildlife Fund: Encyclopedia of Earth. all form four past paper Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide; acid rain is damaging and potentially deadly to the earth's fragile ecosystems; acidity is measured using the pH scale where 7 is neutral, values greater than 7 are considered alkaline, and values below 5.6 are considered acid precipitation; note - a pH of 2.4 (the acidity of vinegar) has Like most of Southern Africa, Zambia also has rich biodiversity that is conserved in its many protected areas. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. Bush fires range across most of the country in the later dry season, escaping from "chitemene cultivation" and caused by villagers burning off crop residue or hunting, as well as by lightning strikes. Safaris & Tours, Botswana How have plants adapted to cold environments? In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . The presence of fire-adapted plants and palaeoecological studies indicate that such fires have happened for millennia. kcse geography The Rift Valley System (Fig 2.3 page 28) Lower average altitudes characterize most of the areas in the North. moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. What is the value of the tropical rainforest? The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. 58.5. Dambos are fewer. Most of Zambia forms part of the high plateau of this part of Africa (3,000 to 5,000 feet [900 to 1,500 metres] above sea level).Major relief features occur where river valleys and rifted troughs, some lake-filled, dissect its surface. Last year, the district recorded a 98 per cent reduction in maize production, compared to 2018 and the five-year average. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. population studies The flooding has destroyed crops, including maize, especially in Munyumbwe area in Gwembe District, according to the Governments Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU). Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . All Rights Reserved. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. It comprises an almost impenetrable bush consisting of about a hundred plant species woven together so densely that it is virtually impossible to walk through. Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. Philip is our Zambia expert and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. What factors affect population density and distribution? Clouds form and produce rain. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. However, except in the case of the last ecoregion listed, even where the canopy is extensive, at ground level the woodland is relatively open, affording quite easy passage by animals and people. Sustainable development in the Temperate Deciduous Woodland. In the rainy season, winds are localised with thunderstorms and may be destructive but usually confined to small areas, such as blowing roofs off buildings. What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? Cultivated maize area has been on average 700,000 ha between 1987 and 2007, with largest area of 900,000 ha in 2008. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Relief Rainfall. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans.[18]. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . One way in which temperature affects the distribution of large mammals is through the distribution of the tsetse fly, which, within its range is found in hotter valleys rather than the higher, cooler plateau. November - An unpredictable month, but usually with some afternoon rain. How can the impacts of climate change be managed? (4) J2002 None of the country is arid. Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. Southern areas of Madagascar are facing a very poor early stage of the season, with potential impacts persisting from the significant drought of the previous growing season of 2019-2020. The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season. Integrated learning-by-doing approach as a respond to climate change impacts. Annual rainfall can reach up to about 1200 mm. 6 2.1 Climate of Zambia . For example, with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. The dry season is influenced by the Harmattan wind from the Sahara. [3][citation needed]. Temperatures are higher at lower elevations, such as the Luapula-Mweru and Mweru Wantipa/Tanganyika valleys in the north, and highest in the lower Luangwa and Zambezi valleys in the south, typically experiencing 40C (104F) in October, with rising humidity making for uncomfortable conditions. Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. Afternoon temperatures are around 26C/78F and the humidity is high. Convectional rainfall occurs when the land warms up and heats Weather in the UK - rainfall Rainfall. Zambia is right in the tropics and gets lots of rain in the Wet season (November to April). Zambia is in the Zambezian region of the Afrotropical biogeographic realm (or ecozone). When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There are two main seasons: the rainy season (November to April) corresponding to summer, and the dry season (May to October/November), corresponding to winter. ZATP is a "private sector led" initiative to help emerging commercial farmers and Micro-, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) become competitive by improving their access to . Projected Weather and Climate. Evaporation and rainfall has been calculated for each month using data for the past 25 years (1990 to 2014) from Scientific Information for Land Owners SILO weather data service. What are shanty town improvement schemes? How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? It rains mostly on the windward slopes. Zambia Meteorological Department GENERAL SITUATION Generally, much of Zambia is likely to receive Normal to Above Normal rainfall during the 2019/2020 rainfall season. How has demand for water in the UK changed? In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low, and despite some poaching and the absence of protection, the forest is still fairly rich in wildlife. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. For plants this includes the deciduous habit (losing leaves to conserve water), very deep root systems, water-storing roots and tubers, waxy leaf cuticles, and drought-resistant seeds. Around 70% of the Zambian thicket has been lost to land clearing and at the present rate the rest will vanish within 20 years. and/or complex terrains. We advocate for effective and principled humanitarian action by all, for all. In the UK prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas such as the Rocky Mountai. The main patches are in: Most of Zambia (around 80%) is in this extensive biome. The food security situation is rain Weather Zambia, Satellite Weather Zambia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in Zambia - Source: SAT24.com During the cold months (June and July), the area west of the Line of Rail is coolest, with mean minimum temperatures mostly below the mid-40s F (about 7 C). The Zambia PPCR is both strategic and transformational. The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. In Zambia this biome is represented by only one ecoregion in a few patches, covering around 5% of the land area. the Western Province are also part of Zone 2.The zone has a total area of 27.4 million ha, of which 87% could be used for agricultural purposes, but only 50% of this is accessible.The remainder has been set aside for national parks, game management areas and forests.Zone 2 is characterised by an annual rainfall The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200 . How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Mumbai? Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. These are Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. This page includes a chart with historical data for Zambia Average Precipitation. In the middle to late dry season, bushfires are prevalent, and smoke is noticeable by smell and as a haze. Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain and cools at the higher altitude, producing . This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. Philip has traveled through Zambia several times and is the author of more than 20 guidebooks to various African destinations. Peshawar is a rain fed area and gets western depression rain in winter and also receives rain from monsoon in summer. condense into a cloud and then rains. Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. How has hot desert vegetation adapted to the climate? 1,015mm (39.96 inches). By. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food insecure during the lean season (October 2019 March 2020), with at least 430,000 of them in Emergency (IPC 4). The main sites are: The Mopane tree Colophospermum mopane is also a legume and grows in hotter locations than the miombo species, and so Mopane woodlands, covering about 15% of the country, replace southern miombo woodlands at lower elevations in valleys in the south of the country, principally: This ecoregion, covering about 5% of Zambia in the south-west, is dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga, Zambian teak. A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. the air above it. Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. . The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. As the air moves over the mountain range and starts to descend, it warms. As a result, rainfall is usually low on the leeward side of the mountain range and the area is said to be in a rain shadow. The most extensive ecoregion covering about 50% of the country, characterised by Miombo trees (Brachystegia sp. Tours, Mozambique Entertainment Editor. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ndola than in summer. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya Zambia has seen an increase in intercropping between the two years, with 7 percent of the surveyed households adopting intercropping between 2012 and 2015, Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Zambia Seasons | Weather in Zambia - VentureCo Worldwide", "Flooding and Climate Change: Everything You Need to Know", "Climate of Zambia - By The Zambian For Zambia", "which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall", "Rainfall trends and variation in the Maasai Mara ecosystem and their implications for animal population and biodiversity dynamics", "LUSAKA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Climate Normals 1961-1990", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Livingstone MET Climate Normals 19611990", "Impacts of climate change on agriculture and household welfare in Zambia: an economy-wide analysis", International Union for Conservation of Nature, Climate Change Gender Action Plan of the Republic of Zambia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Zambia&oldid=1136190768, Articles needing additional references from January 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows).
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