Which of the following best describes the differences in the agricultural practices and land use for these products? Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out. a.QH=500kW,QC=100kWb.QH=500kW,Wcycle=250kW,QC=200kWc.Wcycle=350kW,QC=150kWd.QH=500kW,QC=200kW\begin{array}{l}{\text { a. } The image shows the movement of an insoluble molecule from the extracellular space towards the cytoplasm. http://physrev.physiology.org/content/91/2/733, https://phys.org/news/2013-10-mechanism-sodium-potassium-revealed.html. For instance, one of the ways in which polyester is synthesized is by mixing the appropriate organic acid and alcohol in their liquid form. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration solution (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher concentration solution (i.e., lower concentration of water). If sublimation is carried out in a narrow crucible, the fumes diffuse slowly out towards the mouth of the container and then rapidly disappear. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Though water is a polar molecule, it can also diffuse through the plasma membrane. In any system, molecules are moving with a certain amount of kinetic energy. Therefore, muscle cells have numerous: Which statement regarding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is false? How is the , Posted 7 years ago. Between 1950 and 1990, wheat production in India in average pounds per acre more than tripled, which allowed India to meet its populations need for food. Secondary active transport involves the movement of water by osmosis into a cell. Biologydictionary.net, April 27, 2017. https://biologydictionary.net/diffusion/. At this point, equilibrium is reached. SDS, RDS, More Regulatory & Compliance Information, Lithium Battery UN 38.3 Test Summary Search, Transparency in Supply Chains and Modern Slavery Disclosures, Fill one glass half full of the coldest water you can get from the tap, Fill the other glass the same amount with the hottest water you can get from the tap. Mehrer, H. and Stolwijk, N. A. Secondary active transport uses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances against their own gradients. You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows: If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they Direct link to liweiong272's post Main difference: In facil, Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to long pham's post if there are more Potassi, Posted 6 years ago. Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. The plasma membrane is semipermeable, meaning that some things can enter the cell, and some things cannot. Diffusion can either be simple diffusion and be facilitated by another molecule. Each of these factors, independently and collectively can alter the rate and extent of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Lipids do not mix with water (recall that oil is a lipid), so the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane acts as a barrier, keeping water out of the cell, and keeping the cytoplasm inside the cell. Epinephrine diffuses through the plasma membrane; the hormone dimerizes in the cytosol. If the concentration of dextrose in the solution is increased to 5%, the cell is now in a(n): The total solute concentration of a red blood cell is about 2%. When these molecules collide with one another, there is a change in the direction of movement as well as changes to momentum and velocity. At this balance point, the inside of the membrane is negative relative to the outside. Does it move differently in the hot water than the cold water? y1=3y2y2=12y1. Can you find a safe way to heat or cool the food coloring before adding it to the water? Adults should handle or assist with potentially harmful materials or sharp objects. What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion? If a route such as a channel or carrier protein is open, sodium ions will move down their concentration gradient and return to the interior of the cell. molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP. Domestication of plants and animals evolved in each hearth independently of one another as societies in each area learned and applied the process to local plants and animals. Why Do Giant Pandas Have Low Libido? Active transport mechanisms do just this, expending energy (often in the form of ATP) to maintain the right concentrations of ions and molecules in living cells. What values of a and b would complete each of the following (X and Y are not meant to be any particular elements): 266X+baY15aX+32b\begin{aligned} 266 \mathrm{X} & \rightarrow \alpha+\mathrm{b}^{\mathrm{a}} \mathrm{Y} \\ The gradient is steep enough that potassium ions will move out of the cell (via channels), despite a growing negative charge on the interior. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. Direct link to Srichchha Pradhan's post There are certainly more , Posted 6 years ago. All cells have a barrier around them that separates them from the environment and from other cells. The hypertonic solution is one one side of the membrane and the hypotonic solution on the other. To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy. Solution A and solution B are separated by a semipermeable membrane. While science experiments at home are exciting ways to learn about science hands-on, please note that some may require participants to take extra safety precautions and/or make a mess. Option C is the correct answer because Cultural divergence (CD) happens when two cultures separate, therefore CD explains the best concept of driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion. Identify the polar and nonpolar regions of a cell membrane. The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. For cell transport, diffusion is the movement of small molecules across the cell membrane. One of the main characteristics of diffusion is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. Are these pumps negatively charge since they have a high affinity for the positive ions? In chemical processes, diffusion is often the central principle driving many reactions. The mechanization of farm work allowed many young people to migrate and join a growing urban industrial workforce. Sheep production is an example of extensive agriculture requiring large pastures, whereas poultry production is an example of intensive agriculture often practiced indoors. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell through a protein channel with its concentration gradient. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultu. How To Use Patchouli Oil For Erectile Dysfunction? Direct link to auzennesylvester92's post Are these pumps negativel, Posted 5 years ago. Electrochemical gradients and the membrane potential. solute: a substance dissolved in another to form a solution. Spontaneous activity releases energy, non-spontaneous activity (like moving something against its concentration gradient) requires energy. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack B. A substance moves by facilitated diffusion into a cell. 0 To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus. O To edit the mRNA strand and make it ready to leave the nucleus. This can even be observed visually by the addition of different colored dyes to each of the liquids. Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown? The use of improved plant hybrids and agricultural chemicals. Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. This is related to both the mass of the molecule and its surface area. Similarly, the medium in which diffusion occurs could also be in one of the three physical states. On the other hand, facilitated diffusion, as the term indicates, requires the presence of another molecule (the facilitator) in order for diffusion to occur. The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient. Direct link to Yago's post Why can't the Sodium move, Posted 4 years ago. Figure showing the transport cycle of the sodium-potassium pump. Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits? Active transport works by using a phosphate group from ATP to change the shape of the protein and thus do work. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post yes, dimensions also play. Based on the different types of land use shown in the image, which of the following best explains why soil salinization is a concern in the arid landscape shown? For example, while oxygen gas will diffuse slightly more quickly than carbon dioxide, both of them will move more quickly than iodine gas. The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern. \end{aligned} A primary active transport process is one in which __________. Hi, I'm just a little curious, why can't 3 potassium ions be pumped out and 2 sodium ions pumped in(the other way around)? A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle? Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von Thnens model? how does the carrier protein "harness" energy from another molecules concentration gradient? If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until both solutions are isotonic. For example, how might this play into why coffee and tea always start with hot water? Overall, there are more positive charges on the outside of the membrane than on the inside. Spaeth, E. E., and Friedlander, S.K. C. rough endoplasmic reticulum Divide the following terms into component parts and give the meanings of the complete terms. Na+. His feet and legs were swollen with fluid. Direct link to Yuya Fujikawa's post Hi, I'm just a little cur, Posted 5 years ago. C. The SER manufactures proteins for export from the cell. Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable. Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. This can occur with all sorts of matter, but is most commonly observed in liquids and gases. Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards? Even in large industrial reactions, when two liquids are mixed together, diffusion brings the reactants together and allows the reaction to proceed smoothly. Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries. Predict behavior of blood cells in different solution types. Animal cells tend to do best in an isotonic environment, where the flow of water in and out of the cell is occurring at equal rates. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? Comparing the two images, which survey system was more efficient in terms of trade? this is in relation to the electrochemical gradient section. Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? Can you predict, based on the first way of doing the experiment, what might change, if anything? tonicity: the amount of solute in a solution. By diffusion: glucose will move from solution B to solution A. Which of the following is used to export large molecules from the cell? Which of the following solutions will cause a red blood cell to shrink? D. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell with its concentration gradient. The function of the plasma membrane is to control what goes in and out of the cell. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Which of the following best explains diffusion? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Diffusion is affected by temperature, area of interaction, steepness of the concentration gradient and particle size. B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum An electrical potential difference exists whenever there is a net separation of charges in space. Explain the components present in a phospholipid. At equilibrium, movement of molecules does not stop. The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. This statement describes _____. The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________. 1. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. Fish cells, like all cells, have semipermeable membranes. Simple diffusion is merely the movement of molecules along their concentration gradient without the direct involvement of any other molecules. Diffusion in the human body is necessary for the absorption of digested nutrients, gas exchange, the propagation of nerve impulses, the movement of hormones and other metabolites towards their target organ and for nearly every event in embryonic development. You would need to create a new account. The images shown illustrate a change that took place as the Second Agricultural Revolution coincided with the Industrial Revolution. C. detoxify certain chemicals D. through oxidation reactions Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________. Feedlots can minimize costs associated with livestock production because feedlots do not use as much space as cattle ranching. When oxygen is moving towards tissues from capillaries, carbon dioxide is entering the bloodstream. When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, tap "retry" to try those cards again. Several large cities on the East Coast provide a growing market and shorter distances for transporting market gardening products. Simple diagram of a symporter (carrying two molecules in the same direction) and an antiporter (carrying two molecules in opposite directions). Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images? Based on the map above, explain the degree to which lettuce production takes place in the United States. This property can be observed even better if the gas has an odor or color. Compared to plain milk or fresh fruit, these value-added agricultural goods significantly increase the price of the farm products sold and increase earnings for farmers. The three main kinds of passive transport are diffusion (or simple diffusion), osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? The membrane has pores and openings to allow the passage of specific molecules. An open beaker of water in equilibrium with water vapour is in a sealed container. He should be given a hypotonic drip to draw fluid out of his cells. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. For instance, a gas diffuses very quickly in another gas. What process permits absorption of glucose into cells? 1. Palm oil, an edible vegetable oil used in processing packaged food products, is obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree, grown only in the tropics. Through the process of uniculturalism, multiple types of foods are blended together into one cuisine. Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. start superscript, 2, comma, 3, end superscript, start superscript, 4, comma, 5, end superscript. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell. This process does not require energy. Actually, Sodium does go down its gradient but through specialized Sodium channels. Direct link to priciaauy's post why wouldnt cells use atp, Posted 4 years ago. In simple diffusion, this process proceeds without the aid of a transport protein. This page titled 8.4: Osmosis and Diffusion is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation. If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just tap on the card to take it out of the box. What is transported across a membrane during osmosis? The end result is an equal concentration, or equilibrium, of molecules on both sides of the membrane. And sodium is highly concentrated outside of the cell, so that's where it goes during active transport considering it is low to high concentration. The SER detoxifies drugs and harmful substances ingested by and produced in the body. If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. D. The SER stores calcium ions. Which of the following best explains the economic advantage of the type of farm-produced goods shown in the images? This can occur with all sorts of matter, but is most commonly observed in liquids and gases. This type of transport is known as _____. Channels are very selective and will accept only one type of molecule (or a few closely related molecules) for transport. If the alveoli in our lungs fill with fluid (pulmonary edema), the distance the gases must travel increases, and their transport decreases. Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product. On a similar note, any solute that is broken into small pieces and stirred into the solvent dissolves rapidly another indicator of molecules diffusing better when the area of interaction increases. in a symporter it makes sense that the flow of one ion should cause other molecules to go along with it, however in an antiporter, what causes the other molecule to move up its conc. Eventually, the concentration of "stuff" on either side of them will even out. In biological systems, diffusion occurs at every moment, across membranes in every cell as well as through the body. Posted 7 years ago. However, for molecules in the periphery, rapidly moving molecules in the air also influence their movement, allowing them to diffuse into the air. These molecules diffuse freely in and out of the cell, along their concentration gradient. Never needs the presence of any other molecule C. Diffusion of every molecule is dependent on its concentration gradient and independent of the concentration of other molecular species in the medium D. All of the above, 2. (2005). The liver is an organ that can synthesize lipids, such as cholesterol, and detoxify poisons, such as alcohol. Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop. Sheep production in New Zealand and poultry production in Arkansas produce food animals for human consumption. Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? The tonicity of the IV fluid doesn't matterthe patient won't be in the operating room that long so any tonicity would be OK for a couple of hours. Incorrect options: Option A is incorrect because space-time compression is the shortened time or communication between two places. By the time blood flows into capillaries in the muscle or liver, for instance, there is only a single layer of cells separating this oxygen from hepatocytes or skeletal muscle fibers. Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures? The Diffusion of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Inert Gas in Flowing Blood. Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the cytoskeleton? Distinguish among hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions. The SER synthesizes the majority of the lipid components of the plasma membrane. She consumed a large amount of water in a short time (Don't try thiswater intoxication is often fatal.). Solution A contains 1% glucose, solution B contains 5% glucose. By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria? For instance, most of a red blood cells energy is used to maintain internal sodium and potassium levels that differ from those of the surrounding environment. Watch what happens to the food coloring. Which of the following best explains the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication? Na+/K+ pump. Na+ Ions move easily through water, which is polar, but cannot pass directly through the lipid (nonpolar) part of the cell membrane. sideropenia _____________________________________________________. Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? Tea plantations were established in Sri Lanka by a former European colonial power. \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{W}_{\text {cycle }}=250 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=200 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { c. } \dot{W}_{\text {cycle }}=350 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=150 \mathrm{kW}} \\ {\text { d. } \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{H}}=500 \mathrm{kW}, \dot{Q}_{\mathrm{C}}=200 \mathrm{kW}}\end{array} Heroes and Highlights in the History of Diffusion. diffusion: [noun] the state of being spread out or transmitted especially by contact : the action of diffusing. In general, the inside of a cell has a higher concentration of potassium (K, If sodium ions are outside of a cell, they will tend to move into the cell based on both their concentration gradient (the lower concentration of Na, The combination of concentration gradient and voltage that affects an ions movement is called the. Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because it is faster to u, Posted 7 years ago. Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell? Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown? Remember that there is water outside the cell, and the cytoplasm inside the cell is mostly water as well. The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. Here, well look in more detail at gradients of molecules that exist across cell membranes, how they can help or hinder transport, and how active transport mechanisms allow molecules to move against their gradients. Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming? Simple diffusion can be disrupted if the diffusion distance is increased.
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