You will also work with your therapist to ensure that you can straighten your leg and then bend your knee to at least 90 degrees of flexion. The .gov means its official. After removing the original implant, your doctor will prepare the bone surfaces for the revision implant. 0000017278 00000 n
Infection may occur while you are in the hospital or after you go home. Case series Level IV. 0000021963 00000 n
During the initial surgery, the implant was either cemented into the bone or press-fit to allow bone to grow onto the surface of the implant. For information:Questions and Answers for Patients Regarding Elective Surgery and COVID-19. If this occurs, metal augments and platform blocks can be added to the main components to make up for the bony deficits. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.ST.20.00055. Correct me if I am mistaken. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. You will be asked to schedule a complete physical examination with your primary care doctor several weeks before revision surgery. Donor tendon, or allograft, is used to create the new ACL. Revision ACL reconstruction maybe performed as a one-stage or two-stage procedure. If an artificial joint becomes infected, it may become stiff and painful. Osteolysis (red arrow) has occurred around the tibial component, causing it to become loosened from the bone (blue arrow). In order for a total knee replacement to function properly, an implant must remain firmly attached to the bone. With two exceptions HCPCS code G0289 (Surgical knee arthroscopy for removal of loose body, foreign body, debridement/shaving of articular cartilage at the time Bone Incorporation of Silicate-Substituted Calcium Phosphate in 2-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Histologic and Radiographic Study. Patient expectations must be tempered because functional outcomes and return to pre-injury sports are inferior to a primary surgery. A physical therapist will give you specific exercises to strengthen your leg and restore range of motion so that you may begin walking and resume other daily activities as soon as possible after surgery. Your doctor may use a combination of these medications to improve pain relief, as well as minimize the need for opioids. Many types of medicines are available to help manage pain, including opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local anesthetics. Would you like email updates of new search results? Because the amount of work with a thermal shrinkage is far less than that involved with arthroscopic ACL repair (there are no sutures and only one incision for the scope) experts agree that the unlisted arthroscopy code (29999 Unlisted procedure arthroscopy) is appropriate to submit for this claim. I'm not sure if I'm coding this correctly, so I could really use some advice. Ansari MH, Claes S, Wascher DC, Neyret P, Stuart MJ, Krych AJ. Avoid soaking the wound in water until it has thoroughly sealed and dried. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies There are three main sources of autograft: bone-tendon-bone (BTB) graft of the patellar tendon or a tendon graft from hamstring or quadricep tendon. Keywords: PDF | Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is substantially more challenging than primary reconstruction. Would you like email updates of new search results? 0000020113 00000 n
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Rarely, bone graft material may be used to help rebuild the knee. Special complexities associated with a revision include the following: Coders reporting ACL revisions encounter the same limitations as they do for reconstructions essentially one code to describe any arthroscopic ACL procedure. 0000005728 00000 n
The indications for two-stage surgery were as follows: (1) the enlargement of As with every use of an unlisted procedure code documentation should include a thorough description of the procedure an operative note and a letter from the surgeon. Arthroscopy. Extraarticular ligaments are the ligaments located outside the knee joint. Malpositioned femoral tunnel (shown with chondral pick) above the intercondylar ridge (dotted line) seen during revision surgery. Although the procedure can be done by open repair, it is most often accomplished arthroscopically. Does anyone know which ligaments are intra-articular & which are extra-articular? When the tendon is harvested from the patient, harvesting takes place at the same time as the reconstructive surgery. In a click, check the DRG's IPPS allowable, length of stay, and more. Also, patients who are younger when they undergo the initial knee replacement may "outlive" the life expectancy of their artificial knee. Recent reports have noted a 2% traumatic rupture rate of autogenous ACL reconstruction and a 15% rupture rate for allograft. Although infection occurs in only a small percentage of patients, it can prolong or limit full recovery. 0000034378 00000 n
(Right) In revision surgery, components with longer stems fit more securely into the bones and provide stability. 0000006125 00000 n
neurilemma), Release of entrapment of deeply placed peripheral nerve, Local anaesthetic blockade of named major nerve or plexus, Injection into subcutaneous tissue/painful trigger point under local anaesthetic, Two or more injections into subcutaneous tissue/painful trigger point under local anaesthetic, Tendon sheath injection of therapeutic substance including Viscosupplement +/- image guidance, Tendon graft, or tendon transfer (as sole procedure, not otherwise specified), Delayed or secondary repair of tendon (including graft, transfer and/or prosthesis) (not otherwise specified), Tenolysis, of extensor (not otherwise specified), Lengthening of tendon(s) or open tenotomy, Release of constriction of sheath of tendon (e.g. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is a much more involved procedure than arthroscopic ACL repair" " says Susan Callaway CPC CCS-P an independent coding consultant and educator based in North Augusta S.C "yet there is just one code to describe the procedure." doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2020.08.024. Limited Coding Options Several codes describe open ACL repair and reconstruction, but with the advent and domination of arthroscopy, the codes are largely obsolete. Removing the implant leads to a higher chance of curing the infection, but is associated with a longer recovery. The plan to be either be admitted or go home should be discussed with your doctor before your surgery. This information is provided as an educational service and is not intended to serve as medical advice. Your doctor will usually order imaging tests to learn more about the condition of your knee. Bookshelf In some cases, only one implant or component of the prosthesis has to be revised. In this procedure, the provider reconstructs both the intraarticular and extraarticularligaments of the knee joint. (Right) An x-ray of the augmented component in place within the knee. Damage to the bone may make it difficult for the doctor to use standard total knee implants for revision knee replacement. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20160324-01. (Left) In this tibial component, an additional block has been attached to make up for lost bone. In either case, the implant was firmly fixed. The graft may come from your own bone (autograft) or from a donor (allograft). The .gov means its official. 0000007709 00000 n
The stretched ligament shrinks to its normal size, thus returning stability to the knee. Both can't be billed. 0000006602 00000 n
Where do I start with choosing the right ACL graft for me?So which ACL graft type should a person choose if they elect to undergo ACL reconstruction surgery?Firstly, it is important to note that one of the first things to consider is the decision on whether or not to have ACL surgery in the first place.ACL reconstruction surgery is an elective procedure.More items Discussion: Measurement of bone mineral density in the tunnel regions for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scan, and the immersion technique based on Archimedes' principle. Your doctor and nurses will work to reduce your pain, which can help you recover from surgery faster. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The surgeon uses the middle third of the patient's quadriceps tendon and a bone plug from the upper end of the kneecap, which produces a larger graft for taller and heavier patients. Prall WC, Kusmenkov T, Frmetz J, Haasters F, Mayr HO, Bcker W, Grote S. Injury. The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in the United States is over 250,000, 1 of which around 65% proceeds to ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Of these, tunnel malposition and recurrent trauma are the most common causes. 2022 May 8;34(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s43019-022-00153-3. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! ACL problems are typically the result of pivoting, twisting, hyperflexion and hyperextension injuries to the knee. 0000076243 00000 n
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Extra-articular reconstruction for controlling anterolateral instability is frequently required as well. 0000020410 00000 n
Revision ACL reconstruction is a complex undertaking due to limited graft options, compromised anatomy and high frequency of associated injuries. In many areas, nonessential orthopaedic procedures that were postponed due to COVID-19 have resumed. (Top): Examples of metal augments that can be added to implants to make up for lost bone. 0000102737 00000 n
Ziegler CG, DePhillipo NN, Kennedy MI, Dekker TJ, Dornan GJ, LaPrade RF. They also have an MUE of one. Current Concepts for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Criterion-Based Rehabilitation Progression. If cement was used in the primary total knee replacement, this is removed, as well. This immune response also attacks the healthy bone around the implant, leading to a condition called osteolysis. Accessibility Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. In a 1-stage surgerywhich is less commonly performedthe implant is removed, the joint is washed out, and the new implant is placed during the same surgery. With arthroscopic guidance, a thermal probe is inserted into the knee, where it heats the damaged ligament to shrink and tighten it. Borchers JR, Kaeding CC, Pedroza AD, Huston LJ, Spindler KP, Wright RW; MOON Consortium and the MARS Group. Two-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. The outputs are available to be used by all individual insurers and providers including CCSD and non-CCSD members. The doctor then bends your knee in an attempt to break up the scar tissue. Knee Surg Relat Res. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' (AAOS) Complete Global Service Data Guide, 29888 includes the following procedures: The scarcity of codes for the ACL repair reveals the reimbursement challenge. 0000006682 00000 n
official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2016 May 1;39(3):e456-64. 2023 Jan;31(1):340-348. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07151-8. About OrthoInfoEditorial Board Our ContributorsOur Subspecialty Partners Contact Us, Privacy PolicyTerms & Conditions Linking Policy AAOS Newsroom Find an FAAOS Surgeon. In determining the extent of the revision needed, your doctor will consider several factors, including the quality of the remaining bone, the type and location of the fracture, and whether the implant is loose. Detailed patient assessment, imaging, and studying details of the index surgery are critical prior to planning revision surgery. Medicare and some M23.611 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Adams D, Logerstedt D, et al. Because most implants are designed to work with the patient's existing ligaments, any changes in those ligaments may prevent an implant from working properly. Preoperative Planning for ACL Revision Surgery. In this procedure, you are given anesthesia so that you do not feel pain. 0000103928 00000 n
Two-stage revision ACLR should be considered in cases of tunnel lysis, infection, malalignment, meniscal deficiency, or chondral lesions. Disclaimer. That would help in choosing 27427, 27428 & 27429. 27422 is what I use for MPFL reconstruction (dissection is carried to the vastus medialis muscle/tendon to where it attaches to the patella). Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Instr Course Lect 2013; 62:341-348. An ACL injury can be relatively minor, such as a pull or stretch, or severe, where the ligament is partially torn or completely ruptured. 0000005648 00000 n
ACL problems are typically the result of pivoting, twisting, hyperflexion and hyperextension injuries to the knee. 2021 Jan;37(1):195-205. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.08.031. 27427 is ligamnet reconstruction extra articular = iliot CPT GUIDELINES indcates that when the physician cannot complete the procedure through the arthroscope, and an open procedure is performed, list the open procedure first, code the scope diagnostic, and Read a CPT Assistant article by subscribing to. Copyright 1995-2021 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 0000013979 00000 n
In a 2-stage surgery, the implant is removed, the joint is washed out, and a temporary cement spacer is placed in your knee. 0000009634 00000 n
Over time, however, a knee replacement may fail for a variety of reasons. Epub 2020 Sep 7. National Library of Medicine CPT GUIDELINES indcates that when the physician cannot complete the procedure through the arthroscope, and an open procedure is performed, list the open procedure first, code the scope diagnostic, and append modifier 51. Economic Reliable Technique for Tunnel Grafting Using Iliac Crest Bone Graft in Two-Staged Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery. Price: $7,931 CPT Code: 29888 Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ( ACL reconstruction) is a surgical tissue graft replacement of the anterior cruciate 0000003281 00000 n
Reconstruction of a torn ACL is significantly more involved and is accomplished through one of three methods, all of them arthroscopic: In all three methods, the new tendon is inserted through holes drilled in the tibia and femur, pulled through, and secured in position with bio-absorbable or metal screws. Epub 2022 Sep 7. 0000018637 00000 n
For these patients, there is a higher long-term risk that revision surgery will be needed due to loosening or wear. Revision total knee replacement is more complex and takes longer to perform than primary total knee replacement. Conflict of interestSachin Tapasvi and Anshu Shekhar declare that they have no conflict of interest. 0000076786 00000 n
presence of scar tissue complicating the surgical dissection. trigger finger), Trigger point injection/Enthesis - 1 injection, Major release of muscle for pain or contracture (e.g. During ACL reconstruction, the surgeon removes the damaged ligament and replaces it with a segment of tendon tissue similar to a ligament that connects muscle to bone. Find out more here. government site. Welder E, Magnussen RA, Fitzpatrick S, Duerr RA, Kaeding CC, Flanigan DC. 2022 Mar 11;10(3):23259671221083318. doi: 10.1177/23259671221083318. 0000010106 00000 n
Functional results of multiple revision anterior cruciate ligament with anterolateral tibial tunnel associated with anterolateral ligament reconstruction. View matching HCPCS Level II codes and their definitions. This second phase is usually performed approximately three 0000102921 00000 n
After surgery, you will be moved to the recovery room, where you will remain for several hours while your recovery from anesthesia is monitored. 0000006762 00000 n
Although more a staged procedure than a revisional procedure, we're including code 11970 [Replacement of tissue expander with permanent prosthesis] because it's often accompanied by revisional procedures WebTwo-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Allograft Bone Dowels Kadir Buyukdogan, M.D., Michael S. Laidlaw, M.D., and Mark D. Miller, M.D. The average ORs, URs and BMD at 24weeks after bone grafting were higher than those at 12weeks, which suggests that at 24weeks after bone grating, the condition of the patients' beds becomes favorable for safe implantation and fixation of ACL graft revision. Two-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. eCollection 2021 Oct-Dec. Tachibana Y, Tanaka Y, Kinugasa K, Mae T, Horibe S. Orthop J Sports Med. When revisions include complexities like those listed above the coding option is to append modifier -22 (Unusual procedural services) to 29888. This spacer is treated with antibiotics to fight the infection and will remain in your knee for several weeks. Although the procedure can be done by open repair, it is most often accomplished arthroscopically. from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Questions and Answers for Patients Regarding Elective Surgery and COVID-19. Double-bundle non-anatomic ACL revision reconstruction with allograft resulted in a low revision rate at 10years. An autograft is a graft of tissue from one point to another of the same individual's body. and estimate how much more difficult (e.g. AAOS does not endorse any treatments, procedures, products, or physicians referenced herein. Epub 2018 Dec 17. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The average BMD was 510 and 571mg/cm(3) at 12 and 24weeks, respectively, with a significantly higher value at 24weeks. If you are admitted to the hospital, you may stay for several days. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with revision total knee replacement. 406 0 obj
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This has led this group of authors to suggest 4 we should wait till 2-years post ACL surgery for return to sport! I suspect that two years may be overly conservative for most people, while 6-months will be too soon for the majority; in reality, recovery time will be dependent upon the individual and their progress. 0000004444 00000 n
In the vast majority of cases, it enables people to live richer, more active lives free of chronic knee pain. Repair of the ACL involves using sutures to anchor the torn ligament to its original point of attachment on the femur to set it back into its correct anatomic site. An official website of the United States government. For FREE Trial, Surgical Procedures on the Musculoskeletal System, Surgical Procedures on the Femur (Thigh Region) and Knee Joint, Repair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Femur (Thigh Region) and Knee Joint, Copyright 2023. Arthroscopy. PMC Coding for arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. 2012 Oct;28(10):1464-71. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.04.053. WebThere are two types of staged surgery: In a 2-stage surgery, the implant is removed, the joint is washed out, and a temporary cement spacer is placed in your knee. WebThis case required a two-stage approach: Stage 1 consisted of bone grafting, followed by second-stage repeat revision ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft, lateral Reproduced from McAuley JP, Engh GA, Ammeen DJ: Treatment of the unstable total knee arthroplasty, in Instructional Course Lectures 53. 0000004216 00000 n
Right knee arthroscopy, viewing from the anterolateral portal, knee is 30 flexion and valgus force applied. In this procedure, joint fluid is removed using a needle and syringe, then analyzed in a laboratory to determine if infection is present. 0000032820 00000 n
An official website of the United States government. 0000009431 00000 n
The average ORs were 81, 85 and 94%, and the average URs were 49, 75 and 89% at three, 12 and 24weeks, respectively. Infection is a potential complication in any surgical procedure, including total knee replacement. 0000102698 00000 n
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When it comes to ACL reconstruction surgery you have two main options, autograft and allograft. I think 27558 more appropriate. Although recovery after revision surgery is usually slower than recovery after primary total knee replacement, the type of care you will receive is very similar. However modifier -22 should be used only if written documentation including an operative report intraopera-tive photos and a letter from the surgeon verify that the extra work was done. Severe tunnel dilatation, infection, or arthrofibrosis necessitates a two-stage approach. ACL reconstruction revision; Bone healing; Bone mineral density; Iliac bone grafting; Two-staged ACL reconstruction revision. All material on this website is protected by copyright. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the FOIA Accessed May 2015. 0000005966 00000 n
Coders reporting ACL revisions encounter the same limitations as they do for reconstructions essentially one code to describe any arthroscopic ACL procedure. 0000021025 00000 n
2019 Feb;50(2):467-475. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.020. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 0000030828 00000 n
Sometimes, however, the knee remains stiff. eCollection 2022 Mar. 0000009928 00000 n
Aim: An emerging procedure, thermal ACL shrinkage, is used to stretch injuries of the ligament that do not require tendon graft. This is needed to make sure that you are healthy enough to have the surgery and complete the recovery process. Arthroscopic or open ACL repair, thermal ACL shrinkage, revisions, and ACL repair along with other knee procedures make for coding headaches and reduced reimbursements, but you can avoid both through thorough documentation and correct modifier use. Before your surgery, your doctor will discuss each of the risks with you and will take specific measures to help avoid potential complications. Epub 2011 Jun 6. Reconstruction of a torn ACL is significantly more involved and is accomplished through one of three methods, all of them arthroscopic: A portion of the patellar tendon is harvested (autograft) to create the new ACL. 0000018169 00000 n
This website also contains material copyrighted by third parties. Tunnel widening is generally cavitary, frequently maximal Level of evidence: 0000103139 00000 n
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An autogenous iliac bone block was driven into a new tunnel. 0000076190 00000 n
When the infection has been cleared, your doctor will perform a second surgery to remove the antibiotic spacer and insert a new prosthesis. My predecessor coded [], Copyright 2023. It is important to use opioids only as directed by your doctor. Epub 2016 Dec 30. Factors contributing to ACL failure may be classified as patient-related, surgeon-related, and biological factors. The majority of patients who have revision surgery experience favorable long-term outcomes, including relief from pain and increased stability and function. (The patellar component is not shown here.). "This is an obvious frustration to surgeons and coders " she adds "because the range of work in a repair versus a reconstruction is wide." Practices do not receive any less reimbursement when they bill 29888 for a repair but they similarly do not receive additional reimbursement when they bill 29888 for a reconstruction. 0000008179 00000 n
Because of the already surgically altered operative field ACL revisions are more complex than repairs or reconstructions. 0000103082 00000 n
Conclusion: Finally, your doctor will insert the specialized revision implant, repair any surrounding soft tissues that are damaged, and carefully test the motion of the joint. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 0000075493 00000 n
Intraarticular ligaments are the ligaments located inside the knee joint. Because the amount of work with a thermal shrinkage is far less than that involved with arthroscopic ACL repair (there are no sutures and only one incision for the scope) experts agree that the unlisted arthroscopy code (29999 Unlisted procedure arthroscopy) is appropriate to submit for this claim. Conclusion: It is a longer, more complex procedure that requires extensive planning, and specialized implants and tools to achieve a good result. What to Do If Your Orthopaedic Surgery Is Postponed. Because your mobility will be limited after surgery, you may need help for several weeks with tasks like cooking, shopping, bathing, and doing laundry if you live alone. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). eCollection 2021 Jan. Abdel-Aziz A, Waly MR, Abdel-Aziz MA, Sherif MM, Elhaddad H, Mostafa Zaky Abdelrazek BH. WebReconstruction of one or two ligaments not elsewhere specified: Pre Sept 2014: W7410: Multiple ligament reconstruction of knee (including posterior cruciate ligament) Pre Sept Revision ACL reconstruction maybe performed as a one-stage or two-stage procedure. hb``d`*g`` l,ALLLU'gyv8(q +Wn6d>]wZz&]=}#~ome.4Zz`9Wn){n3W%X33xCb:Q;YN Oy 4444--- Thermal Shrinkage Thermal ACL shrinkage is a surgical anomaly when compared to other ACL procedures because it is minimally invasive and generally much faster than a traditional or arthroscopic ACL repair. The surgeon should explain the specific complications he or she encountered (removal of graft material distant graft site etc.) For clinical responsibility, terminology, tips and additional info start codify free trial. 0000018696 00000 n
In a primary total knee replacement, the surfaces of the femur, tibia, and patella are replaced with implants. A drain may be placed in your knee to collect any fluid or blood that may remain after surgery. ACL surgery is defined by CPT 29888 (Arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Your doctor will talk with you about which option is best for you. The femur (thighbone) has broken in several places around the implant. National Library of Medicine 2021 Jan 29;9(1):2325967120977834. doi: 10.1177/2325967120977834. Arthrosc Tech. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' (AAOS) Complete Global Service Data Guide, 29888 includes the following procedures: minor synovial resection for visualization (e.g., 29875) articular shaving, debridement, chondroplasty (e.g., 29877, 29879) notchplasty (debridement of the intercondylar notch of the femur) ACL stump removal (replacement of ligament) synovectomy and fat-pad resection (e.g., 29875, 29876) intra-articular ligament reconstruction (e.g., 27428, 27558) harvesting of graft (20924) diagnostic arthroscopy (29870) additional portals or enlarging portals internal fixation of graft. Short description: Oth spon disrupt of anterior cruciate ligament of right knee The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM M23.611 became effective on October 1, 2022. Thermal ACL shrinkage is a surgical anomaly when compared to other ACL procedures because it is minimally invasive and generally much faster than a traditional or arthroscopic ACL repair. 0000020057 00000 n
Hybrid Bone-Grafting Technique for Staged Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Total knee replacement is one of the most successful procedures in all of medicine. method is a great way to manage these symptoms:Rest: Like any surgery, rest is an extremely important part of the recovery process. Ice: Apply ice to the repaired knee at least once every two hours. Aim for sessions of 20 minutes at a time.Compression: Use a compression wrap or elastic bandage around the knee.Elevation: Elevate the knee whenever possible. Tunnel Enlargement Correlates With Postoperative Posterior Laxity After Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Osseous malalignment in the coronal or sagittal planes would also need correction along with or prior to revision ACL surgery. Helito CP, da Silva AGM, Guimares TM, Sobrado MF, Pcora JR, Camanho GL. JOSPT 2012 ACL revision surgeries occur when an initial repair or reconstruction fails or the patient reinjures his or her ACL. With arthroscopic guidance, a thermal probe is inserted into the knee, where it heats the damaged ligament to shrink and tighten it. eCollection 2022 Oct. Macchiarola L, Pizza N, Patania V, Grassi A, Dal Fabbro G, Marcacci M, Zaffagnini S. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Outcomes of Combined Lateral Meniscus Posterior Root Repair and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. 0000103422 00000 n
Hello everyone! Before 0000008438 00000 n
Epub 2016 Apr 5. Arthrosc Tech. "This is an obvious frustration to surgeons and coders " she adds "because the range of work in a repair versus a reconstruction is wide." A two-stage approach is recom-mended in cases of improper placement of the original
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