d. population; four, Which incumbency advantage involves efforts to highlight an incumbent's service to individuals and to the district? e. party primaries followed by popular vote. \text{Accounts Payable}&\text{}&\text{\$\hspace{11pt}6,500}\\ This began to change in the 1980s and 1990s, as Democratic representatives across the region began to dwindle. d. conference, __________ committees exist in both the House and Senate, may be temporary or permanent, and usually have a specific focus. create new laws to help Congress carry out its powers Congress uses its oversight authority to do which of the following? Why are the factors of production important? \text{ Quantity, .25 hour } & \text{ Quantity, 4 kilograms } \\ He proposed that the reason was a surge in political stimulation during presidential elections, which contributes to greater turnout and brings in voters who are ordinarily less interested in politics. a. the death of diplomats at the American Embassy in Benghazi. - reacting to a problem after it appears c. lobbying Analysis of police force effectiveness c. Analysis of water quality within a district d. Assistance to a constituent in obtaining a Social Security check e. Assistance to a federal agency operating within a member's district d Defense department a. Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation. intended. b. as a leader of the Cabinet The Constitutional Convention decided on what form of legislature? d. negotiating treaties the issues that Congress will consider acting upon, a strategic Senate maneuver that allows a majority to decide to bypass a filibuster. b. Another reason incumbents wield a great advantage over their challengers is the state power they have at their disposal.20 One of the many responsibilities of a sitting congressperson is constituent casework. In which event was there congressional oversight? c. Political Action Committee | | **Current Month: Variances** | Two factors that determine whether a congressional office is able to work a particular case are 1) whether the individual's home address is located within the Member's congressional district and 2) whether the individual's problem pertains to a federal agency. - A member of Congress serves on a committee that helps his or her reelection goals. Please include all pertinent information and claim numbers in your . According to this chart on party votes and party unity scores in Congress, which of the following statements are correct? Which of the following is true of marginal seats in the House of Representatives? In the conventional method of passing legislation, where does a bill go after it is introduced in the House? Unlimited debate in the Senate to prevent a vote is known as _____. c. executive order In a lot of cases, constituents don't know how to get help if they have an issue relating to federal government services or a problem with federal programs. c. according to age How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed? The president must have at least one Cabinet member of the opposing party. Match the characteristic to the correct type of oversight. | Rate per stand| $\$2$ | c. Incumbents only leave office when pressured by party leadership. Senators can debate for unlimited amounts of time; House members cannot. Then, between the late nineteenth century and the start of World War I, Congress pushed through a flurry of reforms intended to bring order to the world of campaign finance. In which capacity is a modern vice president particularly influential in American politics? b. majority leader Advertising or showing the film during this time window was prohibited by the McCain-Feingold Act. a. In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. d. a formal directive to executive branch departments and agencies that have the force of law d. impeachment a. James Polk d. Speaker of the House c. twelve A special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate is called a(n) __________ committee. d. $1 billion, How are Senate committee chairs generally selected? If you are a challenger running against an incumbent, what are some strategies you could use to make the race competitive? | Direct materials quantity variance | 0 | Consider, for example, the role of the Iraq War in bringing about a Democratic rout of the Republicans in the House in 2006 and in the Senate in 2008. The government shut down because each party wanted to take credit for addressing the ensuing crisis. Construct a boxplot and describe its shape. Political parties in general prefer to support incumbents in elections, because the general consensus is that incumbents are better candidates, and their record of success lends support to this conclusion. b. Senate Nominations Committee d. attachment (credit: "Lipton sale"/Wikimedia Commons), https://openstax.org/books/american-government-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/american-government-3e/pages/11-2-congressional-elections, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain how fundamental characteristics of the House and Senate shape their elections, Discuss campaign funding and the effects of incumbency in the House and Senate, Analyze the way congressional elections can sometimes become nationalized. d. as a fund-raiser for the president during reelection Salaries of$600 were unpaid at August 31. d. reapportionment The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is the _____. d. opinions The S&P 500 futures contract has a multiplier of$250. OLCA works with FSA to provide responses to Congressional FSA casework inquiries. Members of Congress will email or call in with inquiries regarding a constituent's casework claim status . But in the political environment of 2014, when conservative voices around the country criticized the party for ignoring the people and catering to political insiders, his strengths became weaknesses. General Counsel. The House and the Senate have different rules and procedures in order to keep the nation's long-term interests in mind. a. acts independently, trusting his or her own judgment of how to best serve the public interest Congress members protect the interest of their state or district. b. representing the interests of groups of which they themselves are not members e. Modern presidents are more subservient to the will of Congress than the Framers originally a. What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? Separate subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas. c. five med surg hesi test bank 2022 quizlet; Related articles; alms dlc 2 cheat code; mail jerseycollege edu login; jae asmr youtube; lexmoto echo. d. Modern presidents are much less partisan than the Framers originally intended. Members of the House are apportioned to states based on _________. **Instructions** Congress members do casework, which means, they troubleshoot for people from their home district or state who request help in dealing with the federal government. What Congress Does Make laws. As critics of the decision predicted at the time, the Court thus opened the floodgates to private soft money flowing into campaigns again. A single senator can block the business of the Senate. Which response to the poll provides the most forceful indication that voters want delegates instead of trustees or politicos? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". c. the Cabinet As politicians and donors soon discovered, however, these laws were full of loopholes and were easily skirted by those who knew the ins and outs of the system. d. Senate Judiciary Committee originally intended. d. The more contemporary presidents exercise their powers less as a legislator than earlier Which of the following leadership abilities is critical to presidential success? \end{array} An institution unique to the House of Representatives that review all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full house. OCIA's primary responsibility is communicating and . d. nine What happened? The term for the 117th Congress begins in January 2021. Samantha deposits $1,500 into the Park Street Bank. Just two decades ago, straight-ticket, party-line voting was still relatively rare across most of the country.25 In much of the South, which began to vote overwhelmingly Republican in presidential elections during the 1960s and 1970s, Democrats were still commonly elected to the House and Senate. Indicate whether each variance is favorable or unfavorable. What is meant by advice and consent in relation to the role of Congress? e. redistricting. Each year, thousands of constituents turn to Members of Congress with a wide range of requests, from the simple to the complex. b. The Center for Responsive Politics reports donation amounts that are required by law to be disclosed to the Federal Elections Commission. The Citizens United case began as a lawsuit against the FEC filed by Citizens United, a nonprofit organization that wanted to advertise a documentary critical of former senator and Democratic hopeful Hillary Clinton on the eve of the 2008 Democratic primaries. c. Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic. the government's system of checks and balances. You are a member of Congress. Elitism, Pluralism, and Tradeoffs, The Pre-Revolutionary Period and the Roots of the American Political Tradition, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism. At the same time, several limits on campaign contributions have been upheld by the courts and remain in place. Which of the following best describes the representation of women and minorities in Congress? c. Helping a constituent with the Veterans Administration. "Pork" legislation may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________. In the decades since Campbells influential theory was published, a number of studies have challenged his conclusions. Imagine a bill is referred to the House Committee on Agriculture, the standing committee for agricultural issues. The following information is provided to help congressional caseworkers expedite the servicing of constituent requests for records from the National Personnel Records Center. e. The budget for government agencies has decreased leaving more responsibility to the president. However, overall, the lions share of direct campaign contributions in congressional elections comes from individual donors, who are less influential than the political action committees (PACs) that contribute the remainder.13. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". a. exact are licensed under a, Who Governs? a. chief of state/head of state As the parties have pulled apart ideologically, they also have become more _________ internally. Representatives serve two-year terms, whereas senators serve six-year terms. Use left-to-right elimination to solve the system of equations. The Constitutional Convention resulted in what form of legislature? If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, d. homogeneous, A __________ is a group of members of Congress who share some interest or characteristic; its goal is to promote the interests around which it is formed. __________is the only formal method for ending a filibuster, and requires the approval of __________ senators. What occurs at a congressional party conference? e. Article II of the Constitution, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. d. ten-year They introduce bills, work on committees, listen to input for and against bills, and then vote. citation tool such as, Authors: Glen Krutz, Sylvie Waskiewicz, PhD. Which of the following can happen while the bill is in committee? \end{array} increased; changing regional bases in the Republican and Democratic parties. Unearned rent of $4,000 was earned prior to August 31. a. to advise the president on national security Organization of Congress A. Senate, House of Representatives B. two, two II. Brown v. Board of Education e. eight, Which of the following confers the power to create the office of "chief justice of the United States?" Which of the following statements regarding the legislative process is true? b. tax disputes . Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? a. attorney general House leaders have more power than Senate leaders. a. libertarian The public generally tends to distrust Congress. PACs that contribute to more than one candidate are permitted to contribute $5000 per candidate per election, and up to $15,000 to a national party. \text{Unearned Rent Revenue}&\text{}&\text{\hspace{16pt}6,800}\\ We recommend using a Were the winds of change blowing for incumbents? The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union. Which of the following statements about congressional oversight are accurate? Indeed, the 2014 midterm election was the most nationalized election in many decades and that trend has continued since. Incumbents are elected officials who currently hold an office. d. Party polarization has decreased as bipartisanship has increased. Good senators and representatives understand this and will seek to use their influence and power in office to affect these issues for the better. a. a formal document that explains why a president is signing a particular bill into law a. mandamus d. outsider d. to persuade party members to support the party's priorities. d. quickly and conscientiously How are committee chairs selected in the House? e. Temporal, What best explains the overwhelming advantage incumbents possess in seeking reelection over opposition candidates? Senger Company sold merchandise of $15,500, terms 2/10, n/30, to Burris Inc. on April 23. Historically, incumbents in both the House and the Senate enjoy high rates of reelection. Email: OCAInquiry@cbp.dhs.gov (This is preferred and will get you the fastest response.) Voters in large numbers were motivated by the political and economic disaster of the war to vote for politicians they believed would end it (Figure 11.10). Election history has demonstrated that this form of publicity is very effective in garnering the support of voters. One example of the Framers' intent to insulate the Senate from the tyranny of the majority was to __________. \textbf{Trial Balance}\\ These laws made it illegal for politicians to solicit contributions from civil service workers, made corporate contributions illegal, and required candidates to report their fundraising. The advantage in financing is a huge part of this effect, but it is not the only important part. d. seniority within the committee regardless party affiliation In general, this is true. b. a. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. c. is trusted because he or she is a native of his or her home district Between 1946 and 2012, only 5 percent of incumbent senators and 2 percent of House incumbents lost their party primaries.19 In 2014, Cantor was one of four House incumbents who did so, while no incumbent senators suffered defeat. Caseworkers or constituent services representatives: Responsible for helping constituents deal with problems relating to federal agencies. In which event was there congressional oversight? Individuals may also give $5000 to PACs and $36,500 to a national party committee. c. briefs a. when lobbying against change Congressional Membership AnswerLesson 1 Congressional Membership Guided Reading Activity Answer Key I. d. opinions Which statement accurately describes the relationship between hyperpartisanship and polarization? e. trustee model of representation, Which one of the powers listed below is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate? d. Each congressional party has become more homogeneous, and the distance between parties has increased. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. \text{Buildings}&\text{\hspace{7pt}132,000}&\text{}\\ Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit a bill for consideration. a. two-year This has especially been the case in recent years as conservative incumbents have been primaried by challengers more conservative than they. a. e. Incumbents only leave office when they choose. What are the fiscal and monetary policies during the Great Recession of 2008? The historical difficulty of unseating an incumbent in the House or Senate is often referred to as the incumbent advantage or the incumbency effect. Individual members of Congress rate slightly higher than Congress as a whole, but approval ratings are at an all-time low. \text{Supplies}&\text{\hspace{16pt}4,300}&\text{}\\ a. five e. property disputes, Courts provide a statement of the legal reasoning behind their decisions in written __________. Or case-worker, case worker [ keys-wur-ker ] high school level noun a person who does casework. We also look at campaign finance to better understand how legislators get elected and stay elected. e. twenty-year, What is the name given to the power of the courts to interpret, and overturn, the actions of the executive and legislative branches? It had never been a problem before the mid-1990s, when a number of very imaginative political operatives developed a great many ways to spend this money. Casework activities may also be viewed as part of an outreach strategy to build political support, or as an evaluative stage of the legislative process. Both Republicans and Democrats have become more conservative. Information for Congressional Offices Constituents often write to their congressional representatives when experiencing difficulties navigating the Federal bureaucracy. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. d. appellate c. a formal, public agreement between the United States and one or more nations that must be d. Dred Scott v. Sandford He thinks that if the market is good he can sell 400 copies of the elegant version at $125\$ 125$125 each. by increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects. c. oversight | Rate per labor hour | $\$4$ | | Direct materials: Wood | | A member of congress helps a women who has been cut off from Medicaid benefits regain them. a. apportionment Which type of committee is composed of members from both houses of Congress? Which of the following could be considered an example of casework? e. vice president, According to the Constitution, how is the president supposed to be elected? \text{Mortgage Payable}&\text{}&\text{\hspace{7pt}120,000}\\ \text{ Rate, \$ 16 per hour } & \text{ Price, \$ .80 per kilogram } \text{Cash}&\text{\$\hspace{8pt}24,600 }&\text{}\\ All things being equal, voters are far more likely to select the name of the person they recall seeing on television and hearing on the radio for the last few years than the name of a person they hardly know. when more power is given to committee chairs than the Speaker of the House. c. secretary of state __________ is a good example of Congressional casework. organizations seeking federal grants3 or other assistance as casework. f(-2); f(-2.01) c. military tribunals Such PACs tended to be run by businesses and other groups, like the Teamsters Union and the National Rifle Association, to support their special interests. The parties have become less polarized because more and more voters are opting to become independents. Common congressional casework requests include tracking a misdirected benefits payment; helping to fill out a government form; applying for Social Security, veterans', education, and other federal benefits; explaining government activities or decisions; applying to a military service academy;4 seeking The Representation Function - generally, representation means that the many competing interests in society should be represented in Congress. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? The member who had served on the committee the longest and whose pary controlled Congress became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state, or competence. Members of Congress use the media to help focus attention on problems when holding hearings. a. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. b. carefully and slowly d. to serve as president of the Senate, What is substantive representation? c. Supreme Court b. Caucus a. attorney general a. original jurisdiction b. lawmaking b. four Favors and other forms of assistance that members of Congress provide to their constituents. Finally, we considered intelligence. d. before it is amended or rewritten in its full committee, b. after it is approved by its full committee, One thing that helps incumbents win reelection is __________, which might include federal spending projects benefitting state and local governments, businesses, colleges, and other institutions in a congressional district. Paramount Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $60,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/10, n/30. c. decentralized a. original intent | Direct labor rate variance | 231 Favorable | What is an example of casework by a member of Congress? In contrast, members of the Senate are furthest from the demands and scrutiny of their constituents. e. six, A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision. McCain-Feingold placed limits on total contributions to political parties, prohibited coordination between candidates and PAC campaigns, and required candidates to include personal endorsements on their political ads. six years, with one-third of the seats up for election in each two-year election cycle Which of the following activities would be a good example of congressional casework? The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo How did such a powerful incumbent lose a game in which the cards had been stacked so heavily in his favor? In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House? b. give the Senate authority to overturn a presidential veto without House ratification How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? Which of the following is true of majority-minority districts? In approximately what year were House of Representatives Republicans rated the most conservative? Because its members serve short, two-year terms, they must regularly answer to the demands of their constituency when they run for election or reelection. a. a subject knowledge test then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, c. Stressing policy positions makes voters more uncertain about where the candidate stands on important issues. Creation of majority-minority districts has been beneficial only to Democrats. Unlike previous wars in Europe and Vietnam, the war in Iraq was fought by a very small percentage of the population.24 The vast majority of citizens were not soldiers, few had relatives fighting in the war, and most did not know anyone who directly suffered from the prolonged conflict. d. have members appointed by incumbent senators Constituents routinely reach out to their congressperson for powerful support to solve complex problems, such as applying for and tracking federal benefits or resolving immigration and citizenship challenges.21 Incumbent members of Congress have paid staff, influence, and access to specialized information that can help their constituents in ways other persons cannot. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995), there are currently no term limits for either senators or representatives, despite efforts by many states to impose them in the mid-1990s.10 House members are elected by the voters in their specific congressional districts. There are currently 435 congressional districts in the United States and thus 435 House members, and each state has a number of House districts roughly proportional to its share of the total U.S. population, with states guaranteed at least one House member. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Most are composed of members from both parties and from both houses. Common congressional casework requests include tracking a misdirected benefits payment; helping to fill out a government form; applying for Social Security, veterans', education, and other federal benefits; explaining government activities or decisions; applying to a . What will occur there? Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. The same terminology was applied to . The candidates themselves and the important local issues, apart from party affiliation, were important drivers in congressional elections. Register to vote at Vote.gov. a. Incumbents have a huge advantage in reelection. e. the ability to declare war, In crafting the executive branch, what was the motive behind the decisions of the Constitution's Framers? Which of the following activities would be a good example of congressional casework? Modern presidents have less power as leaders of their political parties than the Framers The heat of popular, sometimes fleeting, demands from constituents often glows red hot in the House. The importance of airing positive constituent casework during campaigns is a testament to the accuracy of saying, All politics is local. This phrase, attributed to former Speaker of the House Tip ONeill (D-MA), essentially means that the most important motivations directing voters are rooted in local concerns. a. to create an effective national leader directly tied to the citizens e. Marbury v. Madison, How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court? He can make a deluxe version of the same drawing instead. If the student quits smoking and each month invests the amount she would have spent on cigarettes in a savings plan that averages a 4%4 \%4% annual return, how much will she have saved by the time she is 65?65 ?65? Rather, he may have learned to play it too well. Summary. One challenge to congressional casework is the widely held public perception that Members of Congress can initiate a broad array of actions resulting in a speedy, favorable outcome. making a speech that supports gun carry rights, an issue supported by constituents These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. e. vague. b. conference Polarization increases hyperpartisanship and decreases bipartisanship. d. position taking, The __________ makes economic projections about the The frequency of party votes in the House roughly matches the frequency of party votes in the Senate. What was the actual purchase price per square foot of wood? d. The pork barrel, A committee created to reconcile differences in versions of a bill passed by the House and Senate is called a(n) __________ committee. d. immediately after an election, Whose job is it to convey the party's position to rank-and-file congresspersons, keep vote counts, pressure waverers, and report the views and complaints of the House to the party leadership? You manage a $9 million indexed equity portfolio. b. by speaker after interviewing to determine party loyalty The Speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant. c. Creation of majority-minority districts was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? c. Senate Chair The account pays 1.12% annual interest, compounded daily. In contrast, midterm elections witness the opposite effect. a. by voters Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting as a trustee of his or her constituency? All the members of a political party in the House or Senate will meet to select its leaders and approve committee assignments. The Department also provides information on a number of frequently asked questions. Paramount Co. returned$12,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. We first examined thinking and problem solving, focusing on the importance of mental images and concepts and identifying the sleps communly involved in solving problems. b. appointment through state legislatures In what year was Congress the least polarized? c. Select c. representing people and interests that they like personally by voting for legislation that benefits those people c. population; two A member of Congress helping a constituents with a lost social security check is an example of casework. a. trial What are some factors that account for the incumbency advantage? c. direct election by popular vote The mighty list of federal projects grants, and contracts available to cities, businesses, colleges, and institutions available in a congressional district. At the start of 2014, House majority whip Eric Cantor, a representative from Virginia, was at the top of his game. Examples of these types are listed below: Casework: Activities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get.
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